Threat assessment on college campuses.

December 10, 2025

Philip A. Saragoza, Stephen G. White, and Victor Hong. (2021). Threat assessment on college campuses. In College Psychiatry, edited by M. B. Riba & M. Menon. Psychiatry Update 1 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69468-5_9

This chapter offers an up-to-date concise primer on threat assessment in institutions of higher learning, describing trends, perpetrators’ typical pre-incident thinking and behaviors, and the steps in the assessment and response process. The value of SPJs as aids in decision making are mentioned, including the WAVR-21 V3. The authors emphasize that, “In a text devoted to campus mental health issues,”…in addressing the serious issue of violence on campus, mental illness per see is not the cause…there is no useful, objective profile of a mass murderer.”

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